Impact of Climate Change on Global Agriculture

Climate change has become a major challenge for the global agricultural sector. Rising temperatures, changing rainfall patterns and the increasing frequency of extreme weather threaten crop yields and food security around the world. Agriculture, as a sector that is highly dependent on climatic conditions, feels the direct impact of this phenomenon. One of the significant impacts of climate change is an increase in global temperatures. According to the IPCC report, Earth’s temperature is projected to increase between 1.5 and 4 degrees Celsius by the end of this century. This increase in temperature exacerbates thermal stress in plants, impacting agricultural productivity. For example, crops such as rice and wheat that are sensitive to high temperatures can experience significant yield reductions. In addition, changes in rainfall patterns also affect agriculture. Some areas experienced excessive rainfall, which caused flooding and land damage. Meanwhile, other areas are experiencing prolonged drought, disrupting water supplies for irrigation. This has a direct impact on food security and global food prices. According to FAO, more than 80% of the world’s agricultural output depends on good rainfall. The frequency and intensity of extreme weather, such as storms, droughts and heat waves, is also increasing. Agriculture in disaster-prone regions such as Southeast Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa is particularly vulnerable to these impacts. Heavy flooding can damage agricultural infrastructure, while drought can reduce crop yields by up to 70% in some areas. Adaptation to climate change is a necessity for farmers. Sustainable agricultural practices, such as crop rotation and the use of high-yielding varieties that are resistant to extreme conditions, are becoming widely adopted solutions. In addition, environmentally friendly technologies, such as advanced irrigation systems and the use of organic fertilizers, also help reduce negative impacts. Government policies and international cooperation are very important in addressing climate change. Investment in research and development of agricultural technology can improve food security. The public sector is also required to provide education to farmers about agricultural techniques that are adaptive to climate change. Climate change also affects other ecosystems related to agriculture, such as livestock and fisheries. For example, higher temperatures can reduce the quality of animal feed, while fish migration patterns can shift due to changes in sea water temperature. This adds to the burden on an already fragile food system. In a global context, developing countries are the most affected by climate change. Limited access to resources and technology hinders their ability to adapt. Therefore, global support in the form of technological and financial assistance is urgently needed to ensure food security in the future. The agricultural sector is very important for the global economy and food supply. With a deeper understanding of the impacts of climate change, farmers, researchers and policymakers can work together to create more resilient agricultural systems. An integrated collective action is needed to reduce impacts and prepare for a sustainable agricultural future amidst growing climate challenges.